1. Amahame shingiro ningengabitekerezo yo kuyobora igishushanyo:
(1) Gushyira mu bikorwa ingengabitekerezo iyobora “abantu-bayobora”;
(2) Gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’umusaruro w’umutekano “umutekano ubanza, gukumira mbere”;
(3) Hitamo ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke, gukoresha neza, umutekano no kwizerwa, no gukora byoroshye no kubungabunga;
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2. Ibyingenzi byingenzi mubishushanyo birimo sisitemu yo kubyaza umusaruro hamwe na sisitemu yo gufasha, igabanijwemo ibice bitatu bikurikira:
(1) Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro:
Kugena imbibi zacukuwe;
Kugena uburyo bwiterambere nuburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro;
Guhitamo inzira yumusaruro;
Kugenzura no gutoranya ibikoresho byumusaruro (usibye gutunganya amabuye nibikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibikoresho).
(2) Sisitemu y'abafasha:
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro gahunda rusange yo gutwara abantu;
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kubungabunga imashini, gutanga amazi n'amazi, gushyushya;
Kubaka amashami acukura amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikorwa byo guturamo;
Umutekano n’isuku mu nganda;
Kurengera ibidukikije mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
(3) Biteganijwe gushora imari ninyungu zubukungu bwikigo.
Ukurikije amakuru ariho hamwe nubucukuzi bwubu, nyuma yo kugisha inama nyirayo, iki gishushanyo gitanga gusa igishushanyo mbonera cyumushinga wubucukuzi.Ibikoresho bifasha (nko kubungabunga imashini, gufata neza imodoka, gufata neza amashanyarazi, gutanga amazi, gutanga amashanyarazi, gutwara abantu n’itumanaho hanze y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro) hamwe n’ibikorwa by’imibereho byagereranijwe mbere.Nyirubwite akora ibyahinduwe bijyanye na tekiniki ashingiye kubikoresho byumwimerere ugereranije nigishushanyo cyujuje ibisabwa.Igishushanyo gikubiyemo gusa ingengo yimari igereranijwe mu ishoramari ryose ryo gusuzuma imari no gusesengura ubukungu.
3. Ingamba zo gukumira mugushushanya:
Uburyo bwo kuvura ihene
Ku birombe by'amabuye, nyuma yo gufunga umwobo, gutera ibiti cyangwa guhinga birashobora gukorwa nyuma yo gutwikira ubutaka.
Ingamba zo kwemeza ko ubutumburuke bwanyuma bwa mines zifunguye no gukumira kugwa
(1) Kora ubucukuzi ukurikije ibipimo byabugenewe kandi ushireho urubuga rwumutekano mugihe gikwiye.
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(3) Kugenzura buri gihe ituze ryimisozi n’ibihugu bihana imbibi, kandi ugahita usukura amabuye areremba.Isuku igomba kwambara ingofero z'umutekano, guhambira umukandara wumutekano cyangwa umugozi wumutekano.
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Kwirinda ingaruka z'amashanyarazi n'ingamba zo gukingira inkuba
Hano hari ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bike kandi byibanze cyane mu birombe.Mu rwego rwo gukumira impanuka z’amashanyarazi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikurikira:
(1) Shyiramo ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano, uruzitiro rwicyuma kuri windows, nibimenyetso byo kuburira umutekano mubyumba bitanga amashanyarazi;
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(3) Fungura umuryango wicyumba cya generator hanze kugirango byoroshye guhunga;
.Imirongo inyura mucyumba cyo gupimisha igomba gutandukana kandi ntishobora guhambirwa hamwe, kandi irinzwe hamwe nintoki;
(5) Gusana mugihe no gusimbuza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifite inenge kumwanya wo kugabura;
(6) Koresha ibikoresho bikunda guhura nimpanuka nibikoresho byihutirwa.Mugihe cyoza no guhanagura ibikoresho, birabujijwe rwose koza amazi cyangwa guhanagura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi hamwe nigitambaro gitose kugirango wirinde imiyoboro migufi no guhungabana amashanyarazi;
(7) Ingamba z'umutekano zo gufata neza amashanyarazi:
Shyira mubikorwa itike yakazi, sisitemu yimpushya zakazi, sisitemu yo kugenzura akazi, guhagarika akazi, kwimura, hamwe na sisitemu yo kubungabunga ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Umuvuduko muke ukora akazi gakwiye kugenzurwa nabakozi babigenewe, ukoresheje ibikoresho bifite imashini yiziritse, guhagarara kumashanyarazi yumye, kwambara uturindantoki n'ingofero z'umutekano, no kwambara imyenda miremire.Birabujijwe rwose gukoresha ibikoresho nka dosiye, abategetsi bicyuma, hamwe na brush cyangwa umukungugu hamwe nibintu byuma.Kumurimo wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make hamwe namashanyarazi, amatike yakazi agomba kuzuzwa.Iyo ukora kuri moteri ntoya ya moteri hamwe nu mucyo, itumanaho mu magambo rirashobora gukoreshwa.Imirimo yavuzwe haruguru igomba gukorwa byibuze nabantu babiri.
Ingamba zumutekano kumashanyarazi yumuriro muke:
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(2) Mbere yo gukora, ni ngombwa kugenzura amashanyarazi.
(3) Fata izindi ngamba z'umutekano nkuko bikenewe.
Nyuma yo gusimbuza fuse nyuma yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, gants na gogles bigomba kwambarwa mugihe cyo gutangira gukora.
Ibisabwa kugirango habeho intera itekanye: Intera ntarengwa hagati yumurongo wa voltage ntoya hejuru yinyubako.
Agace gashinzwe kurinda amashanyarazi hejuru ni agace kagizwe numubare ntarengwa wabazwe utambitse utambitse wurugero rwumugozi nyuma yo gutandukana numuyaga hamwe nintera itambitse itandukanijwe ninyubako nyuma yo gutandukana numuyaga, mumirongo ibiri ibangikanye.1-10kv ni 1.5m.Ubugari bwa zone yo gukingira amashanyarazi munsi yubutaka nubuso buri mumirongo ibiri ibangikanye igizwe na 0,75m kumpande zombi zubutaka bwumurongo wumurongo wamashanyarazi.Umurongo wohereza amashanyarazi menshi ugomba kuba hejuru kurenza igice kinini cyibikoresho bitandukanye byubukanishi hejuru ya 2m, naho umurongo wohereza amashanyarazi make ugomba kuba hejuru kuruta igice kinini cyibikoresho bitandukanye bya mashini kuri 0.5m.Intera ihagaritse hagati yimyitwarire yimbere ninyubako: munsi yumubare ntarengwa wabazwe, kumirongo 3-10kV, ntigomba kuba munsi ya 3.0m;Kandi wuzuze ibisabwa na "Amabwiriza y’umutekano ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na metero" (GB16423-2006).
Intera ntarengwa kuva ku nsinga kugera ku butaka cyangwa hejuru y'amazi (m)
Intera ntarengwa kuva ku nsinga kugera ku nyubako
Ibikoresho byo gukingira inkuba bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga “Amategeko agenga igishushanyo mbonera cyo kurinda inkuba”.
Inyubako zubatswe nububiko bizafatwa nkicyiciro cya III kirinda inkuba.Inyubako zose nububiko bifite uburebure bwa 15m no hejuru bigomba guhabwa urushundura rukingira inkuba n'umukandara, kandi bimwe muribi bizahabwa inkoni yo gukingira.
Ibyumba bitanga amashanyarazi, imirongo yo hejuru, ububiko bwibikoresho, hamwe n’ibigega byo kubika amavuta nibyo bintu nyamukuru bikingira inkuba, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho byo gukingira inkuba.
Ingamba zo gukumira ingaruka ziterwa nubukanishi
Gukomeretsa imashini bivuga cyane cyane ibikomere biterwa no guhuza bitaziguye hagati yimuka (ihagaze), ibikoresho, hamwe nibice byakorewe ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe numubiri wumuntu, nko gukubita, kugongana, kogosha, kwizirika, kugoreka, gusya, gukata, gutera icyuma, nibindi. Ibice byoherejwe byagaragaye (nka flawheheel, umukandara wohereza, nibindi) hamwe no gusubiranamo ibice byimashini zigenda zizunguruka nka compressor de air, imyitozo yubutare, imizigo, nibindi muri iki kirombe birashobora kwangiza umubiri muburyo bwumubiri.Muri icyo gihe, imvune ya mashini nayo ni imwe mu nkomere zikunze kugaragara mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi ibikoresho bishobora guteza imvune mu buryo bworoshye harimo gucukura, umwuka ucanye, n'ibikoresho byoherezwa.Ingamba nyamukuru zo gukumira zirimo:
.Abakora ibikoresho bidasanzwe bagomba gutsinda isuzuma kandi bagakora bafite ibyemezo.Abadafite ibikorwa birabujijwe rwose gutangira no gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango birinde impanuka nko gukomeretsa umuntu cyangwa kwangirika.
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.Ibikoresho byo gukingira imashini bigomba kubahiriza “Ibisabwa by’umutekano ku gipfukisho gikingira ibikoresho bya mashini” (GB8196-87);Umutekano Ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo gukingira inganda zihamye (GB4053.3-93).
Ingamba zidafite amazi n’amazi
Iki kirombe ni umusozi ufunguye umwobo, ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1210 hejuru yuburinganire bw’isuri.Amazi yo mu butaka nta ngaruka nini afite mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi amazi yuzuye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro aterwa ahanini n'imvura yo mu kirere.Kubwibyo rero, intego yibikorwa byo kuvoma no gukumira ibikorwa byo gukumira ni ukurinda ingaruka z’imvura yo mu kirere itemba ku kirombe.
Ingamba nyamukuru zidakoresha amazi n’amazi y’ikirombe zirimo: gushyiraho imiyoboro n’imiyoboro y’amazi hanze y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, no gushyira ahantu hahanamye 3-5 ‰ ku rubuga rukora kugira ngo byoroherezwe;Shyiramo imiyoboro ndende kandi itambitse kugirango itwarwe mumihanda.
Umukungugu
Umukungugu nimwe mubibazo byingenzi byakazi mubikorwa byamabuye y'agaciro.Mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza ihunga ry’umukungugu no kugabanya ingaruka z’umukungugu ku bakozi ku kazi, uyu mushinga ushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo gukumira mbere, kandi ugerageza kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nzira:
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(2) Kuvomera kenshi bigomba gukorwa mumihanda minini kugirango bigabanye imyuka ihumanya mugihe cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga;
(3) Nyuma yo guturika, abakozi ntibemerewe kwinjira ako kanya.Gusa nyuma yuko umukungugu usanzwe usanzwe barashobora kwinjira kurubuga kugirango bagabanye ingaruka zumukungugu;
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(5) Gutanga ibikoresho birinda abashinzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gukora igenzura risanzwe ryubuzima kubakozi bose.
Ingamba zo kugenzura urusaku
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ihumana ry’urusaku, ibikoresho by’urusaku ruto bigomba gutoranywa uko bishoboka kwose;Shyiramo icecekesha hejuru y urusaku rwinshi rwa pneumatike nka compressor de air na firigo;Ahantu h’urusaku rwinshi, abakozi basabwa guha ibikoresho ibikoresho birinda umuntu nk'ibikoresho byo gukumira amajwi kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'urusaku ku bakozi.
Ingamba z'umutekano
(1) Mugihe ukora ibikorwa byo guturika, birakenewe gukurikiza byimazeyo "Amabwiriza yumutekano wo guturika".Bitewe nuburyo bwo guturika, igipimo, hamwe nubutaka bwaho, ukurikije amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibisasu, imbibi z’ahantu hashobora guturika hagomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa intera y’umutekano w’umutingito uturika, intera y’umutekano w’umuyaga, hamwe n’ibintu biguruka intera y'umutekano.Hagomba gushyirwaho ibimenyetso byo kuburira umutekano, kandi hagomba gukorwa imirimo yo kuburira kugirango umutekano w’abakozi n’umutungo.
(2) Buri gisasu kigomba kuba gifite igishushanyo mbonera cyemewe.Nyuma yo guturika, abashinzwe umutekano bagomba kugenzura neza uko umutekano wifashe mu kazi kandi bakemeza umutekano w’ahantu haturikiye mbere yo gutangira imirimo.
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(4) Ibikorwa byo guturika birabujijwe rwose nimugoroba, igihu kinini, ninkuba.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-14-2023